Hip-Hop as a Cultural Movement Essay - 1570 Words

Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the dilapidated South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s mostly African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global sensation impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a whirlpool of political, social, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the inception of Hip-Hop. The early part of the 1970’s found many African American and Hispanic communities desperately seeking relief from the poverty, drug, and crime epidemics engulfing the gang dominated neighborhoods. Hip-Hop proved to be successful as both a creative outlet for†¦show more content†¦The intention behind Mr. Moses’ plan was the transformation of Manhattan into a center city that was connected directly to the suburbs via roadways built over the outer boroughs. Mr. Moses adv ocated the elimination of mixed-use cities by the creation of roadways making the locations easily accessible by automobile. Essentially creating a suburban utopia free of the externalities associated with congested city life and a commercial center city free of the hindrance associated with mixed land use (Homolka 2010). The most significant of the newly constructed transportation network was the Cross-Bronx Expressway, a road cutting through the heart of the Bronx. To make way for this expansive construction project the city employed eminent domain, displacing upwards of 60,000 local residents. Uprooted residents, mainly impoverished African American and Puerto Rican families without enough resources for better housing winded up in the expansive public and subsidized housing of the South Bronx. Once a safe haven for the upwardly mobile first and second-generation immigrants in the prewar era, the Bronx was not always thought of as one of the nation’s poorest slums. The shifting post war economy took its toll on the once thriving manufacturing businessesShow MoreRelatedHip Hop : A Cultural Movement1851 Words   |  8 Pages Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the ramshackle South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s predominantly African American and Pu erto Rican populations originated this musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global perception impacting the youth culture around the world. â€Å"The South Bronx was a full of political, social, and economic rising in the years leading up to the beginning of Hip-Hop.† The early part of the 1970’s found manyRead MoreHip Hop as a Cultural Movement Essay2625 Words   |  11 PagesWilson May 14, 2010 Hip-hop as a Cultural Movement What first comes to mind nowadays when you hear the word ‘hip-hop’? Most people think of a gangster embellished in large diamonds, sporting baggy clothes, huge cars, all with a general disregard for the welfare of humanity. It wasn’t always like this: hip-hop was originally born as a recreational activity, used as an outlet to cope with poverty. The notion of hip-hop has clearly changed in a big way since the advent of hip-hop culture back inRead MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement And Popular Genre Of Music Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesthat there s some kind of unity in hip-hop. We all found something that s really important to us, and music is all we ve really got† – Missy Elliot. Hip-Hop is a cultural movement and popular genre of music that emerged during the early 1970 s by working class Black youths in New York City. The cultural movement has rapidly expanded across different countries and ethnicities over the years, becoming one of the f ew markers that define a generation. Hip-Hop can be seen as â€Å"the fundamental matrixRead MoreHip-hop was a cultural movement. It emerged in the early 1970s from the South Bronx. Hip-hop came1300 Words   |  6 PagesHip-hop was a cultural movement. It emerged in the early 1970s from the South Bronx. Hip-hop came from the â€Å"ghetto† and it became a cultural force of social protest and creativity. But from the 1990s and onward hip-hop changed from a cultural creative production to one of mass consumption. Hip-hop began to grow and through mass marketing targeting larger and whiter audiences hip-hop evolved in to relying on the images of crime and sex. Hip-hop has changed from a tool of social change to cars, womenRead MoreThe Impact Of Hip Hop Music On America1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdescended from all African culture and tradition. Today, Hip-hop music in America is generally considered to have been pioneered out of New York s South Bronx in the early 1970’ s by a Jamaican-born DJ Herc. By the time mid-1970s, New York s hip-hop gained wide-spread popularity and the scene was dominated by seminal turn-tablists DJs Grandmaster Flash, Herc and Afrika Bambaataa. The rappers of a group named â€Å"Sugarhill Gang† produced hip-hop s first commercially successful hit, Rapper s DelightRead More Music - The Hip-hop Movement Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hip-hop Movement Hip-hop has become a new cultural phenomenon in North America and has become quite popular all over the world. Hip-hop began in the 1970s in New York City where it has its origins in the African-American community. However, because of music videos, Hip-hop culture has become accessible to everyone in society and has merged into mainstream pop culture. Hip-hop culture may not have been as popular if it was not for the accessibility of this new media. The Hip-hop movementRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesMadhubuti’s contention, Jeffery Stewart stated after major victories of the civil rights movement another intellectual and cultural rebellion called Black Power movement. Madhubuti’s, a black arts movement members relationship with Harlem Renaissance is one of the youngest African dont like politics and aesthetic of the previous generation of black artists. The â€Å"utmost impatience† I would about how Black Arts movement member expressed themselves to the Harlem Renaissance and its allegedly excessive whiteRead MoreEssay on The Globalization of Hip Hop Music1498 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Wikipedia, Hip-hop music, also called rap music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/r apping, DJing/scratching, breaking/dancing, and graffiti writing. Hip hop is also characterized by these other elements: sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing. Hip hop music developed from partyRead MoreA Response to â€Å"Hip Hop: a Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment†1110 Words   |  5 PagesLancaster ENGL- 1301 18 September, 2012 A Response to â€Å"Hip Hop: A Roadblock or pathway to Black Empowerment† Geoffrey Bennett’s article Hip Hop: A Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment illustrates the influence hip hop and rap music has had on not only the music industry but mainstream culture, African Americans to be specific. Geoffrey Bennett, a senior English Major from Voorhees, New Jersey goes over many aspects of how hip hop came to be â€Å"the forefront of American attention.† He startsRead MoreWhat is Hip Hop?1057 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy regarding the derogative nature of Hip-hop, One cannot downplay the cultural influences that hip-hop has impressed on the world. Merriam-Webster defines hip-hop as the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap (citation). Although the conventional definition of hip-hop is generally correct, it does not adequately portray the gravity of the movement. Coined by the urban youth, Hip-hop has forced its way to the pinnacle of mainstream America. Hip-hop’s massive influence on the English

Key Concept 4.1 Globalizing Networks Of Communication And...

Key Concept 4.1 Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange 4.1 Describe the degree of global ‘interconnection’ after 1500 CE compared to before 1500. What were the overall effects of this change in global interconnectedness? The interconnection before 1500 and after 1500 posed major differences in the degree of interconnection. Before 1500, there were a few expeditions to the Americas, and it remained relatively isolated. After 1500, colonies were established in the new world which helped connect Europe to the Americas, in which Europe benefitted from a large stream of sugar and precious metals. This change began to introduce new economic activities that contributed to the rise of the West and many African kingdoms. 4.1.I How did the global trade network after 1500 CE affect the pre-existing regional trade networks? (Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, trans-Saharan, Silk Routes)After a global trade network was developed, focus shifted away from regional trading networks, therefore leading to less dependence on them. However, these routes were still used to trade New World goods throughout Eurasia. 4.1.II.A What technical developments made transoceanic European travel trade possible?Some of the technical developments that made transoceanic trade possible were wide-hulled sailing ships, astrolabes, compasses, and guns. 4.1.II.B Where did those developments originate? Wide-hulled sailing ships were derived from Chinese junks and developed in Western Europe, as well as,Show MoreRelatedKey Concepts 4.1 Globalizing Networks For Communication And Exchange3654 Words   |  15 PagesKey Concepts 4.1 Globalizing Networks for Communication and Exchange. 4.1 The degree of global interconnection greatly increased after 1500 CE at which point it started to include the Americas, and parts of the world it had not before. BEfore this time period the globe was only connected in the eastern hemisphere and places were not as open and involved with one another everywhere. After this time period trade of materials, people, and crops became more prominent and new things were introduced toRead MoreTeamwork/Group, Dynamics, Cohesion, Diversity7672 Words   |  31 Pages 1 2.1.2. Brain storming 1 2.1.3. Communication 2 2.2. Disadvantages 3 2.3. Advantages Vs Disadvantage (End Results) 5 3. Group Cohesiveness 7 J. Mahmoudi What is Group Cohesion? 7 3.1. Nature of Group Cohesiveness 3.2. Groups Goals 8 3.3. Measuring group cohesion 9 3.4. Developing cohesiveness 11 3.5. Consequences of cohesion 12 4. Managing Multicultural Groups 14 Y. Iqbal 4.1. Multicultural Diversity and Multicultural WorkforceRead MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagesuk/hollensen to find valuable student learning material including: Full versions of the video case studies Multiple choice questions to test your learning Annotated links to relevant sites on the web An online glossary to explain key terms Flashcards to test your knowledge of key terms and definitions Classic extra case studies that help take your learning further We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in marketing, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learningRead MoreThe Role of Social Media in Customer Communication28631 Words   |  115 PagesADMINISTRATION Henna Sarkkinen THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKETS Master’s Thesis Department of Marketing September 2009 UNIVERSITY OF OULU ABSTRACT OF THE MASTER S THESIS Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Unit Department of Marketing Author Supervisor (s) Sarkkinen Henna Title Salo J. Professor The role of social media in customer communication in business-to-business markets Subject Type of the degree Time ofRead MoreTrung Nguyen Internation Business20210 Words   |  81 Pagesproducts to many countries in over the world such as Cambodia, Laos and American in term of globalizing its products as well as Trung Nguyen’s business. Moreover, as we researched, Romania seems to be a potential market for Trung Nguyen’s product to establish and develop. This paper is the business plan for Trung Nguyen Company while considering and analyzing many important issues and aspects about globalizing to enter into a new market in a new country - Romania. At first, the report will providesRead MoreRegionalization and Marketing Mix Strategies of a Company14027 Words   |  57 Pageswishes and heartiest prays of our parents have the right to be acknowledged here. Besides it, various individuals have contributed directly and indirectly to this thesis. Through out the study, we interacted with Telenor’s lady Hilde Widerà ¸e Wibe (communications) and she always welcomed us in her office. We are thankful to the management and specially their department of governmental affairs, which gave us the opportunity to conduct interview with right personnel. Specially thanks for two persons, ProfessorRead MoreTrung Nguyen Internation Business20216 Words   |  81 Pagesproducts to many countries in over the world such as Cambodia, Laos and American in term of globalizing its products as well as Trung Nguyen’s business. Moreover, as we researched, Romania seems to be a potential market for Trung Nguyen’s product to establish an d develop. This paper is the business plan for Trung Nguyen Company while considering and analyzing many important issues and aspects about globalizing to enter into a new market in a new country - Romania. At first, the report will providesRead MoreA Comparison Between Advertising Agencies’ and Pr Agencies’ Internationalization Motives and Entry Modes - Eight Cases from Sweden20158 Words   |  81 Pagesenablers of internationalization as the Network theory states are confirmed by all firms. The partner network is further added with two new sub groups, competitor networks and owner networks. These networks are found to be the most common in the PR industry. The advertising industry and the PR industry are similar, but not the same. Keywords: Advertising, PR, internationalization, internationalization motives, entry modes, eight cases, Sweden, Uppsala model, network theory 2. Introduction Firm internationalizationRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 PagesGLOBALIZATION AND IT EFFECTS ON CULTURAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC. INTRODUCTION I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of mans complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desiresRead MoreThe Oli Theory10470 Words   |  42 Pagesactivity and of the global economic scenario. The article concludes by asserting that the eclectic paradigm still remains a powerful and robust framework for examining contextual specific theories of foreign direct investment and international production. Key words: Eclectic paradigm; FDI; MNEs; Strategy; International production; Alliances. JEL classifications: F21, F23, M21. 1. Its Origins Although the eclectic paradigm (or the eclectic theory as it was initially called) of international production

An A student Free Essays

So much so that common phrases such as â€Å"An easy ‘A'† and â€Å"An ‘A’ for effort† have emerged, while others insist that an â€Å"A† is closer to perfection Han it is to â€Å"a good effort†. Grades are supposed to be a numerical/letter representation of ones academic progress in a course or lesson. But more often than not, good grades become a goal and not a reward; thus students are striving for grades and not the knowledge which they represent. We will write a custom essay sample on An A student or any similar topic only for you Order Now In his article â€Å"Making the Grade†, Kurt Westfield points out that students are often undeserving granted good grades. This allows the same students to graduate with a degree and find a Job, without the actual knowledge needed to strive in their field. Similarly, he then goes on to note that these under-qualified students that are now in the workplace aren’t ready for the tasks at hand. Universities are sending students into their careers with the same immediate they had throughout choreographs, find the quick and easy way to get the Job done. Consequently, Jobs and projects could be done incorrectly or left incomplete. The difference is, though, that when these real world Jobs are incomplete or incorrect, they can create real world problems and difficulties. The grading system was made with the intention that it would accurately reflect a dents performance in a class. It’s commonly believed that if a student understands a subject well, they deserve an â€Å"A†. But for a student to actually deserve that grade, they must also complete the entire workload, whether they know they information or not. The grade in the class is determined by the amount of work the student completes correctly, and this is where the controversy starts. Some argue that if a student demonstrates that he/she understands the given subject, he/she should be given a passing grade (whether their work was completed or not). Others argue that if a student truly works their hardest and gives a strong effort in the class, they deserve a passing grade (whether their work was correct or not). At the end of the day though, if searching for a simple â€Å"A† grade in a class, one must be willing to work and study for that class, and complete each assignment with accuracy (easier said than done, of course! ). The source of the problem resides in the earliest years of the school system. Starting from a young age, students are being taught and prepared for the next school year instead of for life. Elementary school students are being prepared for adolescent, meddlesomeness are being prepared for householders, householders for college, etc. Each year of schooling teaches you Just enough to get through the next year. The problem is, though, that by the time the student reaches college he/ she is not ready for life as an adult, only for more school. Meaning that students are going into college with the idea that they need to pass, and not the idea that they need to be preparing for their future. Students aren’t realizing that what they are learning is essential for their Job until it’s too late and they are unable to perform. How to cite An A student, Papers

An A student Free Essays

So much so that common phrases such as â€Å"An easy ‘A'† and â€Å"An ‘A’ for effort† have emerged, while others insist that an â€Å"A† is closer to perfection Han it is to â€Å"a good effort†. Grades are supposed to be a numerical/letter representation of ones academic progress in a course or lesson. But more often than not, good grades become a goal and not a reward; thus students are striving for grades and not the knowledge which they represent. We will write a custom essay sample on An A student or any similar topic only for you Order Now In his article â€Å"Making the Grade†, Kurt Westfield points out that students are often undeserving granted good grades. This allows the same students to graduate with a degree and find a Job, without the actual knowledge needed to strive in their field. Similarly, he then goes on to note that these under-qualified students that are now in the workplace aren’t ready for the tasks at hand. Universities are sending students into their careers with the same immediate they had throughout choreographs, find the quick and easy way to get the Job done. Consequently, Jobs and projects could be done incorrectly or left incomplete. The difference is, though, that when these real world Jobs are incomplete or incorrect, they can create real world problems and difficulties. The grading system was made with the intention that it would accurately reflect a dents performance in a class. It’s commonly believed that if a student understands a subject well, they deserve an â€Å"A†. But for a student to actually deserve that grade, they must also complete the entire workload, whether they know they information or not. The grade in the class is determined by the amount of work the student completes correctly, and this is where the controversy starts. Some argue that if a student demonstrates that he/she understands the given subject, he/she should be given a passing grade (whether their work was completed or not). Others argue that if a student truly works their hardest and gives a strong effort in the class, they deserve a passing grade (whether their work was correct or not). At the end of the day though, if searching for a simple â€Å"A† grade in a class, one must be willing to work and study for that class, and complete each assignment with accuracy (easier said than done, of course! ). The source of the problem resides in the earliest years of the school system. Starting from a young age, students are being taught and prepared for the next school year instead of for life. Elementary school students are being prepared for adolescent, meddlesomeness are being prepared for householders, householders for college, etc. Each year of schooling teaches you Just enough to get through the next year. The problem is, though, that by the time the student reaches college he/ she is not ready for life as an adult, only for more school. Meaning that students are going into college with the idea that they need to pass, and not the idea that they need to be preparing for their future. Students aren’t realizing that what they are learning is essential for their Job until it’s too late and they are unable to perform. How to cite An A student, Papers

Traditional murder mystery Essay Example

Traditional murder mystery Paper Detective stories are a type of mystery story that features a private detective or a police officer as the prime solver of a crime, usually a murder case. The detective questions the suspects, digs out clues, and tracks down the murderer. To make the case difficult for the detective and interesting to the reader, the author puts complications such as several suspects, additional murders, false clues that lead to wrong conclusions, and, often threats of violence, in the detectives way. The detective story, often called a whodunit, did not spring into being in this form. It developed early in the 20th century, from stories about detectives in which the reader was not a participant, but a witness, looking over the detectives shoulder. The originator of these stories was the American short-story writer Edgar Allan Poe, creator of the worlds first fictional detective, C. Auguste Dupin. Dupins methods of deduction and his bizarre personal habits provided the model that most detective storywriters have since followed. Dupin first appeared in April 1841, when Grahams Magazine published Poes classic horror story The Murders in the Rue Morgue. The detective later appeared in The Mystery of Marie Rog (1842-1843), The Purloined Letter (1845), and three other stories. During this period the first real-life detective, Vidocq, was making history as chef de la (head of the Criminal Investigation Department) in Paris, and Poes hero, Dupin, was likely modeled on Vidocq.  English novelist Charles Dickens ventured into the writing of detective fiction with The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870), but he died before completing it, leaving the identity of the murderer unknown. Another English novelist, Wilkie Collins, contributed The Moonstone (1868) and The Woman in White (1860) and created the detective character Sergeant Cuff. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional murder mystery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional murder mystery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional murder mystery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stories about detectives did not become truly popular, however, until Beetons Christmas Annual in 1887 published A Study in Scarlet, introducing to England and the world the most famous detective, real or fictional, of all time, Sherlock Holmes. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the British writer who created Holmes, was influenced greatly by Poe. He gave Holmes the essence of Dupins mental traits and equally bizarre, although different habits. He narrated his detectives exploits, like Poe, from the good view of a close companion, in this case the forever-naive character of Dr. Watson. Despite his success with Sherlock Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was more interested in writing serious novels as he had gotten tired of Holmes. As a result he tried to kill him off through a plot line. The impact of Sherlock Holmes popularized the detective story and brought it to its present form. Since the time of Conan Doyle, writers have wanted to develop detective heroes who repeat both Holmess unique character and his attitude. The English writer G. K. Chesterton, in the early years of the 20th century, developed the character of Father Brown, who was a priest detective. In 1920, with the beginning of what may be called the golden age of the detective story, the English writer Agatha Christie introduced her hero, Hercule Poirot, a stylish Belgian detective who actively employed the little brain cells in the solution of crimes. In the United States, the Ellery Queen series was begun, and S. S. Van Dine (false name of Willard Huntington Wright) wrote about the amateur detective Philo Vance. Meanwhile, another American writer, Earl Derr Biggers, was creating his famed Chinese detective, Charlie Chan. Other authors who emerged in the 1930s include the American Rex Stout with his famous gourmet detective, Nero Wolfe. The educated English writer Dorothy Sayers, whose detective hero was an aristocrat, Lord Peter Wimsey, and the creative French writer Georges Simenon, who created Inspector Jules Maigret. Detective stories are enjoyed because they have a pleasurable excitement and satisfaction. They deal with evil, which can be fascinating, and at the same time promises that good will triumph, that all loose threads will be tied and that the ending will be happy and complete.  There are certain expectations the reader has for traditional murder mystery stories such as a murderer, a murder weapon, a detective, suspense and tension and a victim. The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a traditional detective story, containing all the expectations of the reader. In story the murderer is Dr Grimsby Roylott, a very violent and bad tempered man. He had already committed another murder before, in India. The murder victim was Julia Stoner. Her twin sister escaped from being murdered close attempt. Dr Grimsby Roylotts murder weapon was not like what a reader would normally expect. It was a snake, which was a pet of his. The snake had been trained by Dr Grimsby Roylott to make its way down a bell rope and poison the first person it saw. When it heard a whistle it would make its way back up the bell rope and through a ventilator back into Roylotts room. There it would be rewarded with some milk and then locked up in an iron safe. The snake was a good murder weapon because no evidence was left. Julias murder was almost a perfect murder but before she died she gave away a clue. She said the speckled band. This was a description of the snake. The motive for this murder was money. This story was full of suspense and tension especially when Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson were waiting in Julia room. Sherlock Holmes was shown to be a very good detective in this story as he picked up on every little detail. Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson were both extremely clever and successful. Their method was also good. They went through everything that had happened before and after the murder of Julia Stoner. The ending of this story was quite shocking. The setting of the story was very traditional, as it was set in a small town, in a manor. It is mainly all at night. There are a few questions that may remain in the readers mind like, what is Helen going to do now? and what will happen to Stoke Moran? In lamb to the slaughter by Roald Dahl the murderer is Mary Maloney, the wife of the victim, Patrick Maloney. The murder weapon used in this story is a frozen leg of lamb. Mary Maloney got the police officers to eat the leg of lamb after it was cooked. This was a very clever way of getting rid of the evidence. This murder was perfect murder because there is no way her steps can be traced. Marys motive for the murder was revenge. Her husband had just told her that he wanted a divorce, and she was 6 months pregnant. There were some points in the story where suspense and tension had been created like when we were waiting for the police to eat the leg of lamb their only evidence. Sergeant Jack Noonan was the detective in this story, but he wasnt a good one as he ate the evidence. Jack Noonan was not at all successful in solving the mystery. He and his team did not find any clues nor did they put any pieces together. This story is not set in a traditional setting. It is just set in an everyday house. Nor is this storyline traditional. It is more modern, nothing like the traditional detective story. The speckled band fits the expectations of a traditional detective / murder mystery story. Lamb to the slaughter however did not fit the expectations of a traditional detective / murder mystery story at all. I think this could be because of the different times they were written in. It could also be the different styles of both authors. Roald Dahl is known to write childrens stories that are generally humorous, whereas Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is known to be a serious writer, who writes books for mainly adults and older children.

Hannibal Essays - Barcids, Roman Censors, Hannibal, Marching

Hannibal Essays - Barcids, Roman Censors, Hannibal, Marching Hannibal Since his meteoric life and tragic death, Hannibal Barca comes across the centuries as the military commander with few, if any equals. A courageous leader, brilliant tactician, and steadfast soldier in the service of his beloved Carthage, Hannibal existed for one sole purpose: to defeat and, if possible, to eliminate the power of Rome(Livy p.207). Hannibals destiny was already chosen for him before his own birth. The only thing that couldnt have been foretold was the outcome of his struggles. His father Hamilcar Barca, another fearless commander from Carthage, was in charge during the first Punic War. Hannibal was taken to Spain at the young age of only nine. There he was forced to swear hostility to Rome. From his fathers death to his own death Hannibal was constantly involved in a struggle between Carthage and Rome. Hannibal was placed in the army as soon as his father felt he was old enough to start his vigorous training. He learned to handle arms as skillfully as any soldier does, and he never asked his soldiers to do something that he himself could not do. In 221 BC, Hasdrubal was assassinated, and Hamilcar died in battle in 229 BC. The young Hannibal was given his first command, at the age of twenty-six. Hannibal was now the commander-in-chief, and the Carthaginian government ratified his position. He was a brilliant well-liked leader form the start. The veterans thought that in Hannibal, Hamilcar had returned to life. They noted the same energy in Hannibals face, the same keen glance. He was absolutely fearless in going into danger, very prudent when it was on hand. No amount of labor fatigued him, physically or mentally. He endured heat and cold very well. What time remained over when his tasks were done he gave to rest. Many times the soldiers saw him lying on the ground amid the outposts and the guards, wrapped in a military cloak(Miller et al Livy p.41). Before the death of Hasdrubal, Carthage had negotiated a treaty with Rome to establish a line of Demarcation on the Ebro River. This treaty led to Hannibals first military action. Saguntum, which was located well south of the line, became the center of Roman ambitions. Saguntums leaders began attacking nearby Cartheginian allies and expelling supporters. The city of Saguntum was well inside the Carthaginian influence, but the Romans demanded that Carthage not take action at Sanguntum. Hannibal ignored Roman demands and decided to take action on the city. Hannibal organized his armies and threw a siege on Saguntum. The city was greatly reduced and Hannibal began his amazing trip over the Alps. According to H.L. Oerter of Miami University, Hannibals journey, including 40 elephants, over and through the Alps into Italy has never been denied. But, there has been no generalized agreement on the route that he followed. It is known that two Greek scholars accompanied Hannibals forces, but their accounts have never been found. A Roman army under the command of General Publius Cornelius Scipio was sent to meet and dispose of Hannibal, but failed to come across the great leader. Scipio did finally meet Hannibal at the Ticinus River. The meeting was accidental. Forces from both sides met, and the Carthaginians came out of the battle victorious. Scipio was badly wounded and nearly lost his life. The Romans retreated to Placentia, where Longus would reinforce them. Fighting on the left bank of the Trebia River the Romans were again soundly defeated. Hannibal advanced to the Arno River by spring. In 217 BC, Hannibal moved on to Perugia and forced the Roman Flaminius into open combat, at the battle of Lake Trasimene. The Carthaginians nearly annihilated Flaminius, killing thousands and forcing others to drown in the lake. Rome sent reinforcements to Flaminius but Carthage intercepted and destroyed them also. That same year Rome elected Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctators dictator who adopted the Fabian tactic of delay. This tactic only allowed small skirmishes between the two armies. In 216, Hannibal made his move south and seized the army supply depot at Cannae on the Aufidus River. Here, in August, The Battle of Cannae was fought. While the Guals and Iberian infantry of Hannibals center line yielded before the

4 ways your job can impact your health

4 ways your job can impact your health It’s one thing to dislike your job, but it’s another if it’s making you sick. If you’ve been feeling physically and mentally worn down lately and can’t seem to shake it, maybe it’s time to take a hard look at your work life to see if it’s the cause of your health issues. Of course you have to go to work, but recognizing where problems exist and making even small changes can start to put you on the road to wellness. Are you sedentary all day?According to a study done by the American Heart Association (AHA), even if you fit exercise into your life, sitting all day every day can negate the health benefits you’ve gained. The solution? Move even more- as much as you can. Make sure to get up and walk around every hour or so. Walk to the kitchen for water once an hour. Take an office lap every other hour. Get up and get your blood flowing whenever possible.Does your commute stress you out?If you’re spending a ton of time getting to and from work, it’s likely taking a toll on your life attitude. One study done in the United Kingdom earlier this year found people with long commutes are more likely to suffer from depression and work-related stress. If your commute is longer than 10 miles by car or 30 minutes by bus or subway, then it might be negatively impacting your life. You can’t help where your office is located, but do everything you can to make the travel time as restful and enjoyable as possible: try downloading a fun podcast or listening to music that will start your day off right.Are you way overworked?If all your waking hours are spent thinking about work or being at work, you’re likely neglecting all other aspects of your life. In fact, according to a recent study, if you work more than 39 hours a week, your mental and physical health will start to decline. Even if you’re on your couch in pajamas, if you’re logged in and constantly monitoring your work emails the n you’re not getting proper rest. Dedicated time to focus on yourself, your friends, and your family is crucial to maintaining balance- at some point, you need to be able to shut things off and not be at work.Are you surrounded  by germs? (You are.)Did you know that your keyboard, mouse, mousepad, and even I.D. badge are all germ factories? Scary but true: your keyboard in 20,000 times dirtier than a toilet seat. And then there are all the hands you shake and doorknobs or faucets you turn in the course of a day. You’re in an enclosed space with tens or hundreds of people every day- start carrying around that hand sanitizer. And if your office is open plan? It might encourage more collaboration, but it also encourages sharing whatever bug is going around. You might find you’re getting sick more and more often, just by coming to work. Take your vitamins, keep your space clean, and get fresh air when you can throughout the day.Notice a theme here? If you take mom ents out of your day to make sure you are taking care of yourself, your overall health will start to improve.